tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75591733946373347282024-03-08T19:12:57.653+07:00conveyorforum - solution - productconveyorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11706927351403884796noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7559173394637334728.post-75843128662518810582009-10-07T10:01:00.003+07:002009-10-07T10:09:30.972+07:00Conveyor Selection Guide<p><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Choosing the correct type of the conveyor for any given application depends on a number of factors including material characteristics, conveyor system layout, duty, environment, etc.</span></p> <p><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The following graph has been developed to assist learners with the selection of the correct type of belt conveyor system. This graph is intended for use as a guide only and Users would be well advised to approach suppliers of these conveyor systems in order to confirm whether the preferred type of conveyor is appropriate.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><img style="width: 382px; height: 480px;" src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/graph.jpg" border="0" /></span></p><p align="justify"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Conveyor Selection Criteria</span></b></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >For the novice, a brief outline of the basic considerations and limitations of the troughed belt conveyor are given below. Reference is also made to alternative types of belt conveyors which may be more suitable than troughed belt conveyors in some instances.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >As can be seen below, it is incumbent on the engineer to establish the most cost-effective and practical conveyor system in each application. Where necessary visitors should consult the appropriate sections dealing with these alternative types of conveyors by clicking on the title bar at the top of your screen.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Note that detailed design by a competent engineer is required to establish the specific layout parameters for each conveyor. The information provided below serves merely as a guide.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b> i Layout</b></span></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table style="width: 578px; height: 111px;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >For 'short' troughed belt conveyors (whose length is less than approximately 500 m) and troughed belt conveyors installed in factories or plants should be straight in plan view. These conveyors may be inclined, horizontal or declined in elevation, or parts of a conveyor may be inclined, horizontal and declined.</span></p> </td> <td><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg08a.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg08a-short-belt-conveyors---thumb.jpg" alt="Plant Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="110" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >For 'long' troughed belt conveyors (where the conveyors' length is in excess of 500 m) and where the conveyor is an overland-type conveyor following ground line, horizontal curves of radius greater than 1000 m can be considered.</span></p> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table width="85%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="javascript:win('bg09.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg09-long-overland-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Overland Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="96" /></a></td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >As above, these conveyors may include inclined sections, horizontal sections and declined portions between the loading and discharge points.</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span></p> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table width="85%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg10.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg10-feed-angle-of-belt---thumb.jpg" alt="Inclined Feed Point" width="150" border="0" height="99" /></a></span></td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >At loading points, the maximum inclination of the belt should not be greater than approximately 5 degrees to the horizontal. This maximum inclination is dependent on the belt speed, the material characteristics and to a lesser degree the layout of the feed point. Inclining the loading point to a greater angle may result in spillage at the loading chute.</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >A further consideration at loading points is the height required above the conveyor belt for the loading chute work. It is important that material is loaded onto the center of the conveyor belt to ensure that the belt runs centrally along the conveyor structure. To achieve this the loading/feed chute must be wide enough at the top of the chute to collect all material being fed into it, while the bottom of the chute must be no wider than 2/3 of the width of the conveyor belt.</span></p> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table width="85%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg11.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg11-feed-chute-considerations---thumb.jpg" alt="Feed Chute Arrangement" width="150" border="0" height="79" /></a></span></td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The side walls of the chute must be steep enough to prevent material accumulating on the side walls and corners of the chute, which could lead to blockages. Typically side walls of chutes range between 45 degrees and 70 degrees depending on the material to be conveyed.</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It can be seen in the sketch therefore that careful consideration must be given to the layout of the tail station. The height required above the new conveyor belt for the feeding system and chute work must not be overlooked.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The discharge of material from a troughed belt conveyor is usually via a chute onto another conveyor, into a silo, etc. As with the feed chute, the discharge chute must be carefully laid out in order to establish the required elevation of the head / discharge pulley to ensure that the discharge chute does not block under full load conditions.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It has been explained above that troughed belt conveyors are generally designed as straight conveyors (plan view), certainly in the case of short belt conveyors. When a designer is considering the layout of a conveyor in a factory for example, the desired route which the conveyor is to follow may not in fact be possible due to physical obstacles located between the feed point and the desired discharge point.</span></p> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table width="85%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="javascript:win('bg12.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg12-obstructions---thumb.jpg" alt="Troughed Conveyors with Transfer Point" width="150" border="0" height="54" /></a></td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >In such a case the designer is presented with a number of options which should be investigated prior to finalising the design of the belt conveyor system to be used.</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >A first option may be to use two a troughed belt conveyors with a transfer point between the two conveyors, as can be seen in this sketch.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >A second option may be to use a different type of belt conveyor for example the pipe conveyor or Sicon conveyor which offer the ability to negotiate corners without the need of transfer points. Each of these alternative types of belt conveyors has their own layout constrains, advantages and disadvantages, which the designer must take into consideration as part of the investigation.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The inclination of a belt conveyor is also a factor which must be considered by the engineer, when selecting the type of belt conveyor to be used. The maximum inclination or decline of a conveyor generally depends on the characteristics of the material to be transported.<br /></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>ii Conveyor Duty & Material Specification</b></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It is important that the duty which the conveyor is expected to fulfill is clearly established at the commencement of the design phase, as this will impact on numerous items in the detailed design of the conveyor and component selection.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The capacity of the conveyor (in tons per hour or cubic meters per hour) as well as the average operating hours per day or per year are important design criteria.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Details pertaining to the material to be conveyed must also be specified.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Having established the duty that the conveyor is expected to fulfill and obtained the material specifications the designer is in a better position to determine the most cost-effective conveying method to be employed.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>iii Environmental Considerations</b></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The need to improve the local environment at factories and plants is gaining support throughout the world and is often driven by legislation. As such the type, layout, design and correct operation of belt conveyors and their associated equipment is becoming more important.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Environmental considerations cover an extremely wide scope of issues ranging from the degree of pollutants generated by the working conveyor to the visual impact of a conveyor on the local community. The designer cannot therefore neglect to include the environmental considerations into the assessment of the most appropriate type of conveyor.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Environmental legislation differs from country to country and from factory to factory and it is therefore important that the specific environmental legislation and rules be established and introduced into the overall conveyor feasibility and design procedure.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >For the purposes of list Beginners Guide, some of the most obvious environmental-related issues are itemised below to provide the learner with an holistic approach to conveyor design.</span></p> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Products which are dusty or which tend to generate dust at transfer points for example powder cement and dry fly ash, may be conveyed in enclosed conveyors. Examples of enclosed conveyors include pipe conveyors, Sicon conveyors, bucket elevators, screw conveyors and pneumatic transportation systems.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >In considering the layout of the conveying system, the number of transfer points between conveyors should be minimised to reduce the number of dust and spillage generating points in a conveying system, thereby minimising the impact of the system on the local environment.</span> </p></li></ul> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Using a pipe conveyor which incorporates a gradual 90 degree curve can eliminate one transfer point in an equivalent troughed belt conveyor system, where two troughed conveyors would otherwise be necessary.</span></p> </blockquote> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('bg13.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg13-pipe-conveyor-around-obstructions---thumb.jpg" alt="Pipe Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="63" /></a></p> </td> <td><a href="javascript:win('bg13b.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg13b-sicon-conveyor-around-obstruction---thumb.jpg" alt="Sicon Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> </div> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Alternatively, a Sicon conveyor may be a better solution due to its superior cornering ability and increased flexibility.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Should a troughed belt conveyor be used however, the conveyor can be installed into an enclosed gantry or tunnel to reduce the possibility of material being blown off of the carrying side. Covers can also be installed over the carrying belt to reduce the risk of material blowing off of the conveyor and / or contain the dust.</span></p> </blockquote> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The environment in which the belt conveyor is to operate may be subject to extreme variations in weather conditions. A conveyor located on a jetty for example, may be subject to high and low temperatures, strong wind conditions and an extremely corrosive environment. In such a case issues such as whether or not the conveyor is to be enclosed becomes extremely important. In addition, the materials of construction of the structure may be different to an equivalent conveyor located in a dry, noncorrosive environment. The corrosion protection specification applicable to the conveyor structure and components would typically demand a far greater degree of control over the application and maintenance of the coating.</span> </p></li></ul> </blockquote> <p align="center"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg14.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg14-conveyor-in-gantry---thumb.jpg" alt="Conveyor in Gantry" width="150" border="0" height="113" /></a></span></p> <blockquote> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The material to be conveyed may inherently be a commodity of high value where the client wishes to limit access to the product and the opportunity for spillage. The transportation of diamond-bearing Kimberlite to and from a process plant is an example of such an environment. In such a case Sicon conveyors are employed for their ability to negotiate difficult conveying routes without the need for transfer points as well as the fact that they enclose the material.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The 'environment' in which a conveyor is to be installed may dictate that the space available for a conveyor is extremely limited. Transporting material from ground level to the top of a bin or silo may require the conveyor to be installed vertically up the side of the silo. In this case the equipment to be used would typically be a bucket elevator or a pocket belt or a sandwich type conveyor, all of which are able to transport material vertically.</span> </p></li></ul> </blockquote> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('bg15.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg15-pocket-belt-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Pocket Belt Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="142" /></a></p> <blockquote> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The location of the site where the conveyor is to be installed may be in a cold, mountainous area. In this case (assuming ambient temperatures drop to well below freezing), special consideration must be given to the selection of the conveyor belt as well as to items such as the mechanical components (bearings) and the lubricant proposed. Starting belt conveyors in extremely cold conditions requires among other things additional power to overcome the friction imposed by cold lubricants and a stiffer belt. </span></p></li></ul> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span></blockquote> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span><div align="center"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span><center> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > <table width="85%" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span><ul><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span><p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > In addition to the temperature aspect, it may be necessary to route the conveyor down the side of a mountain and the conveyor route must negotiate the natural contours of the terrain thereby forcing the designer to incorporate vertical and horizontal curves into the conveyor layout. Where the environment imposes extremely arduous parameters/limitations on the design of the conveying system, it may be necessary to reconsider whether in fact a belt conveyor is appropriate for the application.</span> </p></ul> </td> <td><a href="javascript:win('photo2.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/photo2---thumb.jpg" alt="Tadipatri Cement Works - ConveyorKit Pipe Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="99" /></a> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('photo1.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/photo1---thumb.jpg" alt="Tadipatri Cement Works - ConveyorKit Pipe Conveyor" width="95" border="0" height="150" /></a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </span><blockquote> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span></blockquote></center> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span></div> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>iv Cost</b></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Like any other equipment, there are costs associated with belt conveyors and these costs must be determined to a reasonable degree of accuracy in order for a commercial evaluation to be developed which will accompany the technical evaluation.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It is generally accepted practice for the 'costs' of a conveyor to be presented in two categories namely; the initial capital outlay or capital expenditure for the system i.e. CAPEX and an ongoing operating and maintenance expense i.e. OPEX which the client will incur for the remaining life of the conveyor system.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>CAPEX</b> should take into consideration costs such as :-</span></p> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost of the mechanical, electrical, civil, structural and instrumentation equipment purchased and installed on site as part of the conveyor.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the project management fee which a contractor / supplier will charge the user for executing the project.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost of any modifications to existing equipment which may be required on site to incorporate the new conveyor into the factory.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost to install, commission and test the conveyor system on site.</span> </p></li></ul> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>OPEX</b> should take into consideration the following costs :-</span></p> <ul><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost of spare parts which the user will have to procure over the operational life of the conveyor. This cost is based on a projection of the life of components within the conveyor and the cost of each of those components, based on the duty of the conveyor.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost of personnel required to operate the conveyor.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the costs of personnel and equipment required to maintain the conveyor.</span> </p></li><li> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >the cost of electrical power to drive the conveyor.</span> </p></li></ul> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Depending on the layout of the conveyor system and possibly the type of conveyor system to be used, the CAPEX and OPEX costs will differ. It is important therefore that the calculation of the costs for each option is performed according to the same basic parameters for example, similar costs for man hours and for electric power.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It is possible for the total life cycle costs (CAPEX and OPEX) for any given option to be represented in a number of ways. Examples include; all capital and operational costs may be shown as a present value cost, escalation and/or discount factors may be included or excluded from the financial analysis, etc.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><b>v Standardisation</b></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >If a belt conveyor is to be installed on either a new plant or existing facility, the choice of type of conveyor to be used may depend to a large extent on the need to standardise on the type of equipment used.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >In the case of a new factory for example where a number of troughed belt conveyors are to be used throughout the facility then, in the interests of standardising and minimizing on spares to be held by the client and the training of personnel to operate and maintain the conveyors, the type of conveyor to be used should as far as reasonably possible be kept the same.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Notwithstanding the need to investigate the optimum layout and cost for a particular conveyor, practicality dictates that standardisation of equipment is very often in the long-term interest of the end-user of the equipment and the engineer should bear this in mind in his assessment.</span></p> </blockquote>conveyorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11706927351403884796noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7559173394637334728.post-28252880252928693382009-10-07T09:47:00.004+07:002009-10-07T10:00:15.072+07:00Basic Introduction to Troughed Belt Conveyor Design<span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Troughed belt conveyors offer an efficient means of transporting materials in large quantities (bulk), over distances ranging from a few meters to several kilometers, continuously.</span> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >As will be seen below, troughed belt conveyors are only one of the types of belt conveyors available in the market today however, the troughed belt conveyor takes numerous forms and is used in many different applications with tremendous success.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >It is important to draw a distinction between bulk handling of materials and unit handling. The former refers to the transportation of particulate product(s) on a continuous basis for example, the conveying of lumpy ore from a mine to a processing plant or for transporting coal from a stockyard to a bunker above a crusher.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >'Unit handling' on the other hand is generally described as discontinuous as this involves the transportation of for example, packed boxes, filled bags of cement and so forth.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > Troughed belt conveyors as described in this Handbook refers to conveyors which are used to convey product in bulk.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >A brief introduction to troughed belt conveyors and factors which affect the selection and design of conveyors is provided below.</span></p><p align="justify"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Functional Description (refer to figure below)</span></b></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >A troughed belt conveyor comprises an endless, rubberized flat belt (a) suspended between pulleys at either end and supported along its length by a number of rotating idler rollers (b). The belt is driven via one of the pulleys (usually the head pulley (c)) and the tension in the belt is maintained by using a sliding pulley (d) which is tied to a gravity take-up unit (e). </span></p> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" > </span><div style="text-align: left;"><center><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><img style="width: 364px; height: 175px;" src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg05-side-view-conveyor-description.jpg" border="0" /></span></center></div> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The material (f) is loaded onto the conveyor at the tail-end via a chute (g) and is transported along the carrying-side (h) to the head-end where it discharges into a discharge chute (i) which guides the product onto the downstream equipment.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Impact idlers (j) are located at the loading point to support the belt where the load impacts onto the belt as it is dropped down the loading chute.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Once the material has been discharged from the carrying belt, the return belt (k) is guided back to the tail pulley on return idlers (l). </span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The impact, carrying and return idlers are spaced at different intervals. On the carrying-side, the mass of the belt plus the load conveyed is greater than the mass to be supported on the return-side and thus, for the tension in the conveyor belt (by the take-up and induced by the drive unit), the idler spacing is selected accordingly. This 'sag' in the belt between the carrying and return idler sets must therefore be designed on the basis of the heaviest load that the conveyor is to transport.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Snub pulleys (m) are sometimes incorporated into the design of a conveyor in order to increase the angle of wrap (n) of the belt on the drive pulley. The greater wrap angle on the pulley allows more power to be introduced into the belt as is passes around the drive pulley without slip occurring. In this way, fewer drives are needed on longer conveyors or conveyors with high conveying loads.</span></p><p align="justify"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Anatomy of a Troughed Belt Conveyor</span></b></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >There are many possible variations in the design of a troughed belt conveyor depending on the purpose and duty for which the conveyor is being designed. Similarly the choice of individual components, features and accessories found on a conveyor should be selected on the basis of the functions which have to be performed by the conveyor.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >At this point in the Beginners Guide the learner is introduced to the different components and basic arrangement and features which are found on the majority of troughed belt conveyors throughout the world.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >In this section a graphic image of a typical troughed belt conveyor is provided together with detailed images and photographs of specific components. The learner should also study the nomenclature and terms used by engineers and designers when describing troughed belt conveyors.</span></p> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('../anatomy/anatomy-of-conveyor.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/anatomy/anatomy-of-conveyor---thumb.jpg" width="250" border="0" height="160" /></a><br /></span> <b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /><br />Types of Belt Conveyors</span></b> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /><br />The term 'troughed' belt conveyor originates from the form of the carrying belt within the supporting idler sets and differentiates this conveyor from alternative bulk handling belt conveyor types which include 'Pipe', 'Sicon', 'Sandwich', 'Pocket or Sidewall', 'Cablebelt', 'Square', 'U-con' conveyors, etc.</span> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /><br />Examples of these different types of conveyors can be seen below. </span><br /><br /> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p align="justify"><a href="javascript:win('bg06a.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06a-troughed-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Troughed Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><a href="javascript:win('bg06b.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06b-sicon-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Sicon Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><a href="javascript:win('bg06c.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06c-pipe-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Pipe Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p align="justify"><a href="javascript:win('bg06d.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06d-pocket-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Pocket / Sidewall Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"> <a href="javascript:win('bg06e.htm')"> <img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06e-sandwich-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Sandwich Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><a href="javascript:win('bg06f.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06f-u-con-belt---thumb.jpg" alt="U-CON Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('bg06g.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06g-cable-belt---thumb.jpg" alt="Cable Belt Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p> </td> <td> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('bg06h.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06h-square-belt---thumb.jpg" alt="Square Belt Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p></td> <td> <p align="center"><a href="javascript:win('bg06i.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg06i-aeroconveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Air Supported Conveyor" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></p></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </center> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >The type of conveyor to be used in any particular application depends on a number of factors including the conveying route, properties of the material to be transported, environmental considerations etc. These are dealt with in more detail in the section "Conveyor Selection Criteria" of this Handbook.</span><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span></b></p><p align="justify"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span></b></p><p align="justify"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Applications for Troughed Belt Conveyors</span></b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Troughed belt conveyors are used extensively throughout the bulk materials handling industry and examples of applications where this type of conveyor is commonly used are listed below (click thumbnail for images) :-</span></p><blockquote> </blockquote> <table bordercolorlight="#537192" bordercolordark="#485676" border="6" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >i</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Short plant conveyors - horizontal, inclined or declined.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07a.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07a-short-plant-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Short Plant Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="119" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >ii</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Long overland conveyors - straight or curved.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="center"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07b.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07b-long-overland-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Long Overland Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="114" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >iii</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Reversible conveyor.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07c.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07c-reversible-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Reversible Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="76" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >iv</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Boom conveyors - stacker-mounted, slewable.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="center"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('boom.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/boom---thumb.jpg" alt="Boom Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="91" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >v</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Elevated conveyors in gantries.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07e.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07e-conveyor-in-raised-gantry---thumb.jpg" alt="Elevated Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="93" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >vi</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Shiftable conveyors.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07f.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07f-shiftable-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Shiftable Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="106" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >vii</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Inclined mine shaft conveyors.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('mvc-024.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/mvc-024s-thumb.jpg" alt="Inclined Shaft Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="112" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >viii</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Man-carrying conveyors.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('mvc-031.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/mvc-031s---thumb.jpg" alt="Man-Carrying Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="134" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >ix</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Two-way conveyors.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07i.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07i-two-way-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Two-way Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="112" /></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >x</span> </p> </td> <td> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" >Tripper conveyors.</span> </p> </td> <td align="center"> <p align="justify"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;" ><a href="javascript:win('bg07j.htm')"><img src="http://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/beginners-guide/bg07j-tripper-conveyor---thumb.jpg" alt="Tripper Conveyor" width="150" border="0" height="107" /></a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="justify"></p></blockquote>conveyorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11706927351403884796noreply@blogger.com29